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THE LOGIC OF CAUSATION © Avi Sion, 1999. All rights reserved.
Phase One: Macroanalysis Chapter
7 -
Reduction of Positive Moods.
Section
3.
Reductions in Figure 2. First, note that six moods in subfigure 2d have inconsistent premises. Specifically, if the minor premise (which has form P(S)Q) involves a strong determination, then it conflicts with any weak determination of same polarity in the major premise (which has form R(P)Q).
For if the minor concerns complete causation, clause (i) of which means
that (P + notQ) is impossible - it is incompatible with the major, which implies
(P + notQ) is possible when it concerns partial causation (see clause (ii) of
that). Similarly, if the minor concerns necessary causation, clause (i) of which
means that (notP + Q) is impossible - it is incompatible with the major, which
implies (notP + Q) is possible when it concerns contingent causation (see clause
(ii) of that).
Additionally, we may directly reduce a number of moods in figure 2 to
figure 1, by converting the major premise. This is feasible when the major
premise involves only strong causation; i.e. subfigures 2a and 2b are thus
reducible respectively to subfigures 1a and 1b. This is not feasible when the
major premise involves weak causation, since its conversion results in negation
of the complement; which means that subfigures 2c and 2d have to be evaluated
relatively independently (i.e. within the same figure, even if possibly through
some moods reduced to figure 1). Summary of figure 2. · 18 valid moods: 211-218, 221, 226, 231, 235, 251, 253, 256, 261-262, 265. · 40 moods without conclusion (nil): 222, 224-225, 227-228, 233-234, 236-238, 241, 244-248, 252, 254-255, 257-258, 263-264, 266-268, 271, 273-278, 281-282, 284-288. · 6 impossible moods (**): 223, 232, 242-243, 272, 283. Total of moods = 18 valid and 46 invalid = 64.
This table may be read as follows: yes = element of conclusion (m, n, p or q) are implied by the given premises. no = element of conclusion (m, n, p or q) are not implied (which does not mean denied) by the given premises. by = by any sort of reduction to (number of mood used) or MA (matricial analysis). Elements of conclusions for which matricial analysis is required are shaded. since = for given premises, if an element of conclusion is valid (yes), then its contrary element is invalid (no). ** = incompatible premises. nil
= no valid conclusion.
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